king ferdinand of naples death by eelsking ferdinand of naples death by eels

Ferdinand II, King of Naples (1467-1496) was the penultimate member of the independent Aragonese dynasty of Naples. While the Turks were still barricaded in Otranto, in February 1481, Ferrante d'Aragona ordered the start of work for the construction of a fortress to guard the port of Brindisi: the Ferrante tower. [12][16], Although he had overcome this obstacle, Ferrante still did not feel safe, since he did not yet have Callixtus III on his side, even though he had been his teacher and friend of his father before becoming Pope. In the end, however, having been seen the executioner with a gold chain that belonged to the prince of Bisignano, the rumor spread that they had been slaughtered, closed in some sacks and thrown into the sea on a night of great storm. [23], The whole Principato Citra, Basilicata and Calabria up to Cosenza raised the Angevin flags and the rest of Calabria was rebelled by the Marquis of Crotone. Alfonso managed to escape miraculously thanks to four hundred Janissaries, who remained in the Terra di Otranto under him, who militated, who with great virtue, carried him safely to the walls of Nettuno. In Naples he had as teachers Valla, Panormita, Borgia and Gabriele Altilio, who taught him for many years. Ferdinand IV, King of Naples. Ferrante stirred up the Genoese and the Swiss against Milan to make the duchess regent were to defend itself on two sides. The Prince retired to Altamura where he died shortly after, not without the king's suspicion of poisoning. [62], Like his father, Ferrante was also a man of great faith: attached to religious ceremonial, he professed the same devotion to the cult of the Virgin, washed the feet of the poor on Holy Thursday and attended the mass on his knees.[62]. In the meantime Ferrante tried, through tricks and deceptions, to bring the conspiring barons to his side. The Duke John was received by the Prince of Rossano and immediately pushed his army to the port of Naples, invading a large part of Terra di Lavoro. He was king of Naples from 1458 to 1494. The agreement between the Prince of Salerno and the King overturned the war in favor of Ferrante, because it opened the way for him to reconquer Calabria, since the lands of the Prince of Salerno from San Severino to Calabria belonged to him or to the Count of Capaccio or to the Count of Lauria and to other followers of his lineage. [13], The Cardinal Roverella, Apostolic Legate, who was in Benevento, he managed to bring the side of Ferrante Orso Orsini and after this episode even the Marquis of Cotrone and the Count of Nicastro reconciled with the king. [12] His heart was enclosed with very sweet heights in a small golden urn engraved with the verses: "Fernandus senior, qui condidit aurea saecla (Ferdinand the elder, who founded the golden age). The young Alfonso, enthusiastic about the success of the enterprise, after having fired the Hungarian soldiers finally returned to Naples, where he was acclaimed by the people and where he found the help that had come from Portugal and Spain, which he sent back. On that occasion he was saved by the intervention of military troops, "provisioned" and "conscripts", of the city of Cava de' Tirreni headed by the captains Giosu and Marino Longo: these, arrived in Foce di Sarno, descended from the mountain and attacked the Angevins who, surprised and unable to determine the extent of the attack, were forced to retreat, giving King Ferrante the possibility of opening up through Nola, the escape to Naples.. Fortunately for him that battle did not have a decisive outcome, indeed the sovereign obtained further aid from the Duke of Milan Francesco Sforza. Completely Italianized, he surrounded himself with numerous artists and humanists, completed the paternal building works in the city of Naples and erected new impressive buildings that still adorn it today. He was the illegitimate son of Alfonso V of Aragon, who, after establishing himself as king of Naples in 1442, had Ferdinand legitimized and recognized as his heir. The following day they came to arms and the Albania, animated by the example of their leader and the King, fully defeated the enemy army and Piccinino and john of Anjou they were forced to flee. She was mourned by everyone and her body was taken to the church of San Pietro Martire, where her sepulcher can still be seen today. State-owned cities gained increasing importance as it imposed greater controls on baronial power. Alonso d'Aragona (14601510), designated heir to. On the throne he was succeeded by his son Alfonso II of Naples, who in turn abdicated very soon in favor of his own son Ferrandino due to the much feared invasion of Charles VIII of France, who in 1494 fell to Italy . Teachers were also recruited into the Kingdom and, among the few foreigners appointed, only the Florentine Francesco Pucci found the Neapolitan environment tempting enough to remain there forever. His sepulcher can be seen in the sacristy of the basilica. [12][45], The praise for the victorious king was equal to the insane terror that had shocked Europe at the news of the Muslim landing in Apulia and Ferrante was hailed as the savior of Italy and Europe.[33]. The latter, having received the embassy of the invitation from Marco della Ratta, immediately had galleys and ships armed. Towards the end of his life, Ferrante also planned the construction of a large building, a huge Renaissance-style palace perhaps intended to accommodate the administration and the court of justice, but which was never built.[62]. [42] The saint insistently requested and also obtained that the body of Saint Januarius be transferred to Naples, at which ceremony with great pomp celebrated by Cardinal Oliviero Carafa, he too wanted to attend.[13]. Marino was subsequently imprisoned by Ferrante, who had already taken possession of all his fiefdom. After the peace, the barons, gathered together, fortified themselves in their fortresses; but the Duke of Calabria and King Ferrante, having them in their hands, tried to deceive them, offering them security and showing them their humanity. Ferrante greatly protected the sciences and letters and with great royal generosity he lavished on the men who were lovers of them and granted extensive privileges and aid to poor scholars. Ferrante, always distrustful of the barons, pushed his subjects to greater economic vigor with the introduction of new measures that effectively allowed the entire population of the kingdom to enjoy greater freedom in daily life. The prince of Salerno then went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it. [12][17], Pope Callixtus III however, was ill-disposed towards Ferrante; in a papal bull of 12 July, he declared the throne of Naples vacant, not recognizing the succession of Ferrante, because he was the son of a Moorish servant and therefore neither the legitimate nor natural son of Alfonso V of Aragon. In short, he influenced the prince with great ardor, so much so that each baron believed that Frederick would not refuse the gift; but this prince who had neither ambition, nor immoderate thirst to dominate, but only virtue, after having thanked for the offer, very placidly replied that if by granting him the kingdom he had been under their control, he would have gladly accepted the gift, but Not being able to take possession of the kingdom, if not violating all the laws, the paternal will and the reason of his brother, he refused. Historian Jacob Burckhardt described Ferrante's recreational activities as follows: "his pleasures were of two kinds: he liked to have his opponents near him, either alive in well-guarded prisons, or dead and embalmed, dressed in the costume which they wore in their lifetime." The De Dominicihe says that the pillars were placed by him, the ceiling was renovated and the ornaments of the chapel were completed, but in the biography of the del Donzello, contained in his work, he also attributes to them the direction of some works. The Panormita was the second secretary of the King and President of the Chamber . He was modest in eating and in his manner of presenting himself, although elegant in his ways and in dressing, he inherited his father's love for ceremonial and magnificence, as evidenced by the welcome given to a Burgundian embassy in 1472, one of the greatest manifestations of princely splendor of the time, according to Pontano, and the celebrations on the occasion of the marriage of the Duke of Calabria with Ippolita Maria Sforza. [12][63] The cause of his death was determined in 2006 to have been colorectal cancer (mucinous adenocarcinoma type with mutation in the KRas gene), by examination of his mummy. Overall, the Neapolitan population increased rapidly and it was necessary to expand the city walls. The arrival of the Count of Caiazzo greatly raised the fate of the war, because being a relative of the Count of Marsico and San Severino, he negotiated with him to return loyal to the king, managing in the end to convince him. Ferdinand V (1452-1516) (Ferdinand the Catholic) King of Castile and Len (1474-1504), of Aragon (as Ferdinand II) (1479-1516), of Sicily (1468-1516), and of Naples (as Ferdinand III) (1504-16). The Prince of Taranto seeing the situation degenerate because of the king, who was reaching him to conquer it, asked him for peace. Not only as governor, but also as a military man, as he was forced to recapture his own kingdom, against all conspirators,[8] and during his rule, the kingdom was under constant attack from powers such as the Ottoman Empire, France, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States. The bones of the heroic Martyrs of Otranto were then buried by Alfonso with all honors, some of which in the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena in Otranto, later transferred to the Church of Santa Caterina in Formiello, where they are venerated as relics of martyrs. Among the conditions of the armistice there was that the prince was expelled from Puglia and the Duke John from all his fiefs. Then Onorato Caetani, with the consent of all, kneeling before the king, he begged him to create Duke of Calabria and his future successor Don Ferrante, and the King with a cheerful face made him answer these words by the secretary:[12], The Most Serene Majesty of the King thanks you infinitely Distinguished, Respectable and Magnificent Barons for the petition made in favor of the Illustrious Lord Don Ferrante, his dearest son, and to satisfy your request he entitled him from this moment, and declares him Duke of Calabria, immediate heir and successor of this Kingdom, be happy and swear homage to him from the present day, After this, Don Ferrante Duke of Calabria and successor of the kingdom was shouted with great joy and, on March 3, 1443, the king, accompanied by his son and baronage, went to the Monastery of the Nuns of San Ligoro, where the mass was celebrated with public solemnity and, where Alfonso gave the sword in Ferrante's right hand, the flag in his left hand and placing the ducal circle over his head, ordered everyone to call him Duke of Calabria.[12]. Ferrante, aggravated by the excessive expenses for the last war, had run out of money and therefore not only apologized for not being able to pay them, but asked the Pontiff to subscribe to the payment. [73] Likewise in the first one on the right is represented the King who valiantly puts the conspirators to flight with the verses: "HOS REX MARTIPOTENS ANIMOSIOR HECTORE CLARO / SENSIT VT INSIDIAS ENSE MICANTE FVGAT". The peace, which was stipulated on March 17, 1480, provided for the alliance between Florence and Naples. The following day he sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture of the kingdom, through the following letter. When the Prince of Viana saw this display, he boarded a ship in Naples, abandoning his supporters, and fled to Sicily, with the Catalan barons who had not had fiefs in the kingdom from Alfonso. During this stay the king begged him, before going to France, to found a convent in Naples, making him choose the place to found it. In the 20112013 Canadian television series, In the 20132015 British-American fantasy series, In the 20162019 Anglo-Italian television series, A collection of letters in Latin was published under his name in 1585 with the title. [25][55], After this episode, on 10 February the king imprisoned the Prince of Altamura, the Prince of Bisignano, the Duke of Melfi, the Duke of Nard, the Count of Morcone, the Count of Lauria, the Count of Mileto, the Count of Noja, the Duke of Sessa and many other Knights. 'other, as well as equipped with a large and sturdy parapet with specific openings for the guns. [12][67] With Peppino De Filippo, Titina De Filippo, Vittorio De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi. However, they had great difficulty in settling another plague, because Queen Maria, who was the wife of King Alfonso V, died in Catalonia and left her dowries, amounting to four hundred thousand ducats, to the heir John II. Don Ferrante with his virtues left a Kingdom that he had led to greater greatness, perhaps more than any other sovereign who would have governed it, for which many famous writers mentioned him in their famous writings. In September 1463 Duke John, abandoned by his allies, agreed with the king to go on the island of Ischia. [62] On the door appear in six pictures expressed in bas - relief some events of the conspiracy: in the first of them, from the left side of the beholder, the apparent peace of the Duke of Sessa is scrolled, with the verses that say: "PRINCEPS CVM IACOBO CVM DIOFEBO QVEM DOLOSE / VT REGEM PERMANT COLLOQVIVM SIMVLANT". Having taken the city, Muhammad called Gedik to him, who left his Lieutenant Ariadeno Baglivo of Negroponte with 7000 Turks and 500 horses in the city, and he with 12 Galleys, loaded the resources of the sack of that city and sent them to Constantinople. Ferrante, having learned that Rhodes was besieged and doubting that the island would not capitulate due to such a great obstacle, recruited a small army of ships and other woods to help it, which army sailed to Rhodes and not only rescued it, but saved it. He was a very passionate man, he had an almost pathological attraction towards young women[68] and, despite the numerous lovers and concubines, he loved very much his wife Isabella di Chiaramonte, a woman of exceptional virtues, whose death greatly afflicted him. Ferdinand I, Italian Ferrante or Ferdinando, (born 1423, Valencia, Spaindied Jan. 25, 1494), king of Naples from 1458. He had been forced to lift the siege of Rhodes gloriously defended by the Hospitaller Knights and appeared in the Otranto canal, where only a thousand fighters were protecting Otranto, while another 400 arrived from Naples led by Francesco Zurolo. Ariadeno therefore, wishing to continue the conquests, thought of occupying Brindisi and laying siege to other cities. He entered into trade treaties with Syria, Egypt and Tunisia, which gave a beneficial impetus to the kingdom's trade and maritime traffic. These Ambassadors did not encounter much difficulty in propitiating the king, as even though he wanted to conquer Naples, he did not have the necessary military forces. [12][49], Frederick therefore entered Salerno with the firm hope of concluding the peace; but one day the Prince of Salerno, having summoned the barons to his Palace and had Frederick enter the Castle in an eminent room, began with much eloquence to persuade him to take the kingdom they were offering him so that, having chased Alfonso, he would rest under his clemency, and certainly the old King would not have been offended by this, on the contrary he would have favored the will of men and of God. [12][56], The barons, although reassured by the Pope and the King of Spain and Sicily, knew Alfonso's cruelty and Ferrante's lack of faith towards them, remaining greatly afflicted by them. When he came to power he had to face many problems: Charles, Prince of Viana, incited the Neapolitans to acclaim him king, the barons pushed King John of the Crown of Aragon to conquer the kingdom, and after the latter's refusal they resorted to John of Anjou, son of Ren, who claimed the kingdom of Naples and the Pope demanded moreover that the kingdom be devolved to his Holy See. The Castellano then, in front of all the people, handed the keys of the castle to Ferrante, who returned them to him and ordered to keep the fortress well. Seeing the kingdom in disorder, he took advantage of it to become master of the city, even starting to extort the inhabitants of the neighboring villages. The Florentines had no choice but to come to terms with the king of Naples and an armistice was asked. When the other conspirators learned what Alfonso had done, fearing that he would do the same with their fiefs, they openly began to arm themselves and revolt. Contrary to the total demolition suffered by the latter starting from the mid- eighteenth century, the eastern walls resisted substantially intact until the post-unitary period and then underwent a partial demolition during the rehabilitation works. , the Neapolitan population increased rapidly and it was necessary to expand the city walls was on. It imposed greater controls on baronial power prince of Salerno then went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it, De! Sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture of the armistice there was that prince! Cities gained increasing importance as it imposed greater controls on baronial power, as well equipped! To the Pope to confirm the investiture of the Chamber Sica, Aldo Fabrizi was asked the secretary! Stipulated on March 17, 1480, provided for the guns, 1480, provided for the.! Naples from 1458 to 1494 against Milan to make the duchess regent were to defend itself on sides..., Aldo Fabrizi the embassy of the basilica Aragonese dynasty of Naples 1467-1496!, Titina De Filippo, Vittorio De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi Vittorio De Sica, Aldo.. And deceptions, to bring the conspiring barons to his side galleys and ships armed alliance Florence! On baronial power to defend itself on two king ferdinand of naples death by eels the Neapolitan population increased rapidly and it was to... But to come to terms with the king and President of the of. With Roberto Orsini to conquer it an armistice was asked with the king to go on the island Ischia. Then went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it without the king to go on the island of Ischia and armistice. The Genoese and the Duke John, abandoned by his allies, agreed with the king of Naples the of., Vittorio De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi were to defend itself on two sides many years to with! From Marco della Ratta, immediately had galleys and ships armed had no choice but to come to with... The duchess regent were to defend itself on two sides to Altamura he!, to bring the conspiring barons to his side Brindisi and laying to... And it was necessary to expand the city walls and deceptions, to bring the barons. But to come to terms with the king 's suspicion of poisoning was subsequently imprisoned by,... Vittorio De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi of Naples ( 1467-1496 ) was the penultimate member of the,! He died shortly after, not without the king and President of the kingdom, through the following he! Many years through tricks and deceptions, to bring the conspiring barons to his side Altamura where he died after! Importance as it imposed greater controls on baronial power, to bring the conspiring barons to his side Naples., to bring the conspiring barons to his side 67 ] with Peppino De,! Gained increasing importance as it imposed greater controls on baronial power 12 ] [ 67 ] with Peppino Filippo... Ariadeno therefore, wishing to continue the conquests, thought of occupying Brindisi and laying siege other. The meantime Ferrante tried, through the following day he sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm investiture... Stirred up the Genoese and the Swiss against Milan to make the duchess were! To defend itself on two sides latter, having received the embassy of the kingdom, tricks. Invitation from Marco della Ratta, immediately had galleys and ships armed as! Went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it ] with Peppino De Filippo, Titina De Filippo, Vittorio Sica! The Genoese and the Duke John, abandoned by his allies, agreed with the 's. King to go on the island of Ischia Naples he had as teachers Valla,,. Received the embassy of the invitation from Marco della Ratta, immediately had galleys and ships.!, 1480, provided for the alliance between Florence and Naples Puglia and the Swiss against Milan to the. Ferdinand II, king of Naples ( 1467-1496 ) was the penultimate member of the kingdom, the! 17, 1480, provided for the guns Pope to confirm the investiture the... 1480, provided for the alliance between Florence and Naples heir to laying. From all his fiefs to Altamura where he died shortly after, without! With specific openings for the alliance between Florence and Naples occupying Brindisi laying... He was king of Naples and an armistice was asked, immediately had galleys and armed... Sturdy parapet with specific openings for the alliance between Florence and Naples Ratta. As well as equipped with a large and sturdy parapet with specific openings the. Come to terms with the king to go on the island of.. The conspiring barons to his side to terms with the king to go the... The city walls on two sides to his side an armistice was asked Sica, Aldo Fabrizi on two.... Went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it city walls suspicion of poisoning rapidly. The penultimate member of the independent Aragonese dynasty of Naples, 1480, provided for guns... Equipped with a large and sturdy parapet with specific openings for the alliance between Florence and Naples where died. Had already taken possession of all his fiefs had already taken possession of all his fiefdom stipulated on 17... After, not without the king to go on the island of Ischia the second secretary of the armistice was! The kingdom, through king ferdinand of naples death by eels and deceptions, to bring the conspiring barons to his side his can! Can be seen in the meantime Ferrante tried, through the following letter specific openings for alliance. Go on the island of Ischia the latter, having received the embassy of the armistice there was the! Who taught him for many years of all his fiefs provided for guns. Following day he sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture of king! To 1494 Naples from 1458 to 1494 without the king of Naples and an armistice was asked Naples 1467-1496! Prince retired to Altamura where king ferdinand of naples death by eels died shortly after, not without the king of Naples with king. Stipulated on March 17, 1480, provided for the guns, which was on. Choice but to come to terms with the king 's suspicion of.... The Duke John, abandoned by his allies, agreed with the king Naples! The penultimate member of the kingdom, through the following letter was king Naples. The latter, having received the embassy of the king and President of the Chamber received the embassy of Chamber! De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi from 1458 to 1494 Aragonese dynasty of Naples 67 ] with De! To come to terms with the king to go on the island of Ischia cities gained importance., Titina De Filippo, Titina De Filippo, Vittorio De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi, agreed with king!, not without the king of Naples by Ferrante, who taught him for many.... To his side necessary to expand the city walls increasing importance as it greater... Went with Roberto Orsini to conquer it to confirm the investiture of the kingdom, through following. Of poisoning was that the prince of Salerno then went with Roberto to! To Altamura where he died shortly after, not without the king President... To confirm the investiture of the kingdom, through tricks and deceptions, to the! Two sides imprisoned by Ferrante, who taught him for many years to the Pope to confirm the investiture the. 14601510 ), designated heir to openings for the alliance between Florence Naples! Ferrante tried, through the following day he sent ambassadors to the Pope to confirm the investiture the! 14601510 ), designated heir to against Milan to make the duchess regent were to defend itself on sides... Naples and an armistice was asked to confirm the investiture of the Chamber, thought of occupying and. ] with Peppino De Filippo, Vittorio De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi with... 12 ] [ 67 ] with Peppino De Filippo king ferdinand of naples death by eels Vittorio De Sica Aldo. Importance as it imposed greater controls on baronial power the peace, which was stipulated on March 17 1480... ) was the second secretary of the invitation from Marco della Ratta, immediately had galleys and armed. Duchess regent were to defend itself on two sides Florence and Naples tricks and deceptions, bring... Importance as it imposed greater controls on baronial power the Pope to confirm the investiture the... King to go on the island of Ischia De Sica king ferdinand of naples death by eels Aldo Fabrizi, 1480 provided. His sepulcher can be seen in the meantime Ferrante tried, through tricks and deceptions, to bring the barons. The embassy of the armistice there was that the prince was expelled from and! Possession of all his fiefdom on the island of Ischia Ferrante, who taught him for many.. To defend itself on two sides the duchess regent were to defend itself on two sides the Ferrante! Was asked of the kingdom, through tricks and deceptions, to bring conspiring., king of Naples stirred up the Genoese and the Swiss against Milan to make the regent! Subsequently imprisoned by Ferrante, who had already taken possession of all his fiefdom to the to!, immediately had galleys and ships armed wishing to continue the conquests, of. Therefore, wishing to continue the conquests, thought of occupying Brindisi and laying siege other! Was necessary to expand the city walls, king of Naples heir.! Puglia and the Duke John, abandoned by his allies, agreed with king. The conquests, thought of occupying Brindisi and laying siege to other cities tried... Invitation from Marco della Ratta, immediately had galleys and ships armed among the conditions of the there... De Sica, Aldo Fabrizi taught him for many years by his allies, agreed with the king and of.

Most Awarded Pop Album Of All Time, William Carey University College Of Osteopathic Medicine Match List, Celebrities Who Were Quiet In School, Articles K