biggest drug dealers who never got caughtbiggest drug dealers who never got caught

After that, he took on a variety of odd jobs in Brooklyn and mentored with Johnny Torrio, the gangster. Matthews and his associates then kidnapped James "Big Jimmy" Capotorto, an underling and bodyguard to Coralluzzo, in an effort to retrieve the money. He died from a stroke, pneumonia and cardiac arrest in his mansion on Palm Island, Florida after struggling with symptoms caused by the late stages of syphilis. Caro Quintero is currently a fugitive wanted in the United States, Mexico and other countries. The leader of Colombias largest and most feared cartel, the Urabenos, Usuga is one of the biggest drug lords in the world right now. After the communists emerged victorious, Chi-Fu and much of the army fled to into the upland country where Burma, Thailand, and Laos met. He was a crime boss in New York City. The gang derives its name from showering communities with bullets and was blamed for more than 1,000 murders during the 1980s. When the US invaded Panama in 1989, Noriega was eventually captured as a prisoner of war. In 2011, he was extradited back to Panama to serve the rest of his sentence. Okay, maybe not, but History refers to Astor as "America's First Multimillionaire," and he built his empire on the drug of the day, opium. His life was documented in the 2015 film Freeway: Crack in the System.. Freeway Ricky Ross Net Worth $600 Million, 12. Nicknamed El Mata Amigos (The Friend-Killer) after he killed his friend and mentor, Osien Cardenas Guillen was the leader of the Gulf Cartel. Court proceedings revealed that she had killed random bystanders, her business competitors, strippers, a boy who was just four years old, and three of her former husbands. Leader of the 11-man organised crime gang Andrew . He received a sentence of 40 years imprisonment for the murders he committed. By 1973, he was sentenced to 150 to 200 years in prison. Matthews, born in Harlem in 1944, had developed a reputation as a major drug dealer in New . With cases against him in Mexico and the United States, Ye Gon was eventually arrested in Maryland and incarcerated. Many were part of family businesses that made the richest drug lords who they were. He moved to the BedfordStuyvesant area of New York City and became a barber, collecting numbers as he had in Philadelphia, as well as working as a collector and an enforcer. His domination of the Harlem area earned him the nickname Mr. There were two thousand workers who lived in dormitories at the complex and when it was finally destroyed by the DEA and the Columbian National Police more than 13 metric tons of cocaine were destroyed as well. It took ten years of officer surveillance to capture Agosto, but he was finally captured in the capital of Puerto Rico. At the height of his power in 1989, the Colombian kingpin was the seventh richest man in the world. Nicknamed El Mayo, Zambada is a legendary figure in the Mexican underworld, who has reportedly never spent a day in prison. According to Encyclopedia.com, in 1926, Capone met the 20-year-old Accardo, who had already been arrested eight times for bootlegging, and bought him into his gang. The Sunreports thatAmado became the head of the Juarez Cartel by killing his friend and former boss, Rafael Aguilar Guajardo. Lucas was famous in Drug Enforcement Administration circles for his international drug-smuggling connections and his practice of selling the narcotics on the street by himself. The smartest dealers I have ever known have had rules in place that are never compromised. North Platte Woman Sentenced for Drug Trafficking Crime. Also known as The Opium King, Khun Sa was one of the most feared and powerful kingpins in Asia. However, the majority of Astor's money came from fur trading. Matthews attempted to partner with the Gambino and Bonanno crime families, both part of the Five Families that controlled organized crime in New York City since the 1930s, however, both organizations declined. Originally, Accardo served as Capone's chauffeur and screened visitors to Capone's hotel suite. One of Gloucester's "biggest drug dealers" was among 11 men jailed for bringing hundreds of thousands of pounds worth of cocaine into the city. His nickname is El Parito Loco, The Crazy Duck. However, some of his best profits came with importing opium into the country. Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha Net Worth $5 Billion, 4. While throwing a Christmas party at his lavish home in 2009, he and his pals came . Intriguing is the strong connections they had to other criminals, or their reliance on keeping to themselves. Hes been charged with terrorism, drug trafficking, extortion, murder, and targeted killing. After Capone's arrest in 1932, Capone's replacement, Frank Nitti, allowed Accardo to form his own gang under Nitti's leadership and made Accardo the head of enforcement in the Chicago Outfit. Zhenli Ye Gon, a Chinese-Mexican citizen of Mexico born in Shanghai, China, is the owner of Unimed Pharm Chem Mxico. Nonetheless, the uncle/nephew pair, according to one letter sent, imported as much as 150,000 pounds of Turkish opium at a time into Canton. When July came up and he was set to appear in a Brooklyn court, Matthews and his girlfriend, Cheryl Denise Brown, had vanished. biggest drug dealers who never got caught. As "The Mob's Accountant," Lansky helped develop new moneymaking projects following the end of Prohibition, which forced gangs to find new avenues of revenue outside of bootlegging. Whether you see the drug war as a valiant crusade of justice against a corrosive cultural cancer or the brutal arm of a totalitarian police state bent on nothing more than the eradication of everything fun, you probably imagine that the cops are the biggest thing drug dealers have to worry about. The King of Cocaine earned his title for having an annual personal income of more than $21.9 billion per year. But in 1993, he murdered a truck driver for stealing a Columbian cocaine shipment. In his fugitive life, he evaded authorities and lived in luxury in both countries. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) estimates that he earned over $10 million in 1972. 17), who would eventually become her enemy. (Hes) always been a businessman., Accused Detroit drug dealers face day in court. According to one of her sons, she eventually embraced a new life as a born-again Christian. For todays post, we compiled a list of the most notorious drug lords that have ever lived. s21 update issues. George Jung was born in August 1942 in Boston Massachusetts. Charged with drug trafficking, kidnapping and murder, Lehders downfall came when he attracted attention to his Normans Cay operations by openly bribing officials in the Bahamas. Our list of drug lords starts out with Frank Lucas, a former heroin dealer and organized crime boss who operated in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s. During the height of Ross's reign as the premier cocaine kingpin of California in the 80s, he trafficked several metric tons in and out of L. 5 Million.. po. Gilberto is serving 30 years at the Butner, North Carolina Federal Correctional Institution. Nicknamed "Black Caesar," Matthews ran one of the largest heroin and cocaine operations in the United States, according to BlackPast. According to Britannica, Charles "Lucky" Luciano went from a novice who spent half a year in jail for selling heroin at 20 years old to a Mob leader who could navigate his empire through different decades, in different countries, even from prison! Bonanno also had a major hand in forming the "Commission," a select group of Mob chiefs that sought to handle dealings internally. He was captured again in July 2010 by FBI agents and has been imprisoned since then. He also worked as an agent for the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration), and then went on to lead a Brazilian drug-smuggling ring. Those present decided to build stronger independent relationships with the Corsicans and possibly Cubans. Coke, whose father was a drug lord too, is now one of the worlds most powerful kingpins his drug activities span the Caribbean, North America, and even the United Kingdom. One of his most infamous acts was his involvement in the kidnapping and. After his arrest and conviction for drug smuggling, Jung served almost 20 years in prison. Still, he has become just as famous as a ghost as he was as a drug lord. After all, it has been around for more than a decade, meaning that it isnt exactly what most, Read More 10 Things You Didnt Know about Vineet JainContinue, Before we worry about the cost of attending one of the NHLs original franchises, it is good that we take a moment to recognize just how storied this franchise is. Amado Carrillo Fuentes Net Worth $25 Billion, 16. 5 The Cops Are Not a Dealer's Main Concern . It's the third city in South Carolina where U.S. Attorney Bill Nettles, the top federal prosecutor in the state, has teamed up with local officials to look beyond incarceration with an innovative solution to clean up neighborhoods. Matthews was arrested in 1973 on tax evasion and drug charges but disappeared and has been a fugitive from justice ever since. El Chapo was arrested in 2014, but had the reputation of exporting more drugs than any other trafficker to the United States, with 500 tons and more of cocaine topping the list. Ibrahim has for years led a 5,000-member criminal syndicate known as D-Company. The organization shipped marijuana from Mexico to the United States. He had made enemies with the DEA, the Cali Cartel, the Colombian government, the FARC guerrillas and Victor Carranza and his so-called emerald guild. It would be inaccurate to call the latter a start-up. Frank Larry Matthews (February 13, 1944 disappeared June 26, 1973), also known as "Black Caesar", "Mark IV" and "Pee Wee", is an American drug trafficker who sold heroin and cocaine throughout the eastern United States from 1965 to 1972. If you're caught with drugs in Laos, you could pay up to $35,000. WBUR reports that while opium was legal in the United States, it was still illegal in China. sunshine zombie survival game crossword clue; manfred richard hauptmann; how long would it take to . Matthews was arrested in October 1960 and served a year for theft and assault at the Raleigh State Reformatory for Boys in Raleigh, North Carolina. He stepped down from the head position in 1957 after the IRS began to look into his business. He founded D-Company, a crime syndicate organized in India. Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar Net Worth $6.7 Billion, 2. This can make for a lonely existence. Press Release. : TWITCH: http://www.twitch.tv/zerkaa: MAKE SURE YOU SUBSCRIBE & TURN NOTIFICATIONS ON: GAME: Drug Dealer Simulator: MY OTHER CHANNELS: Zerkaa: htt. Similar to Cushing, Astor found success in trading furs and was affected by the rising political tensions that resulted in the War of 1812. This later evolved to include not just black people controlling the business, but also local gangs of black people eliminating out-of-town black suppliers trying to control their neighborhoods from a distance. Frank Lucas made his success as a drug trafficker by buying heroin directly from the Golden Triangle; one of the most extensive areas in the world producing and trafficking heroin until Afghanistan exceeded Asia in the early years of the 21st century. Khun was born as Chang Chi-Fu in 1934. It was said that he was able to buy cars and homes using false identities. According to The Vintage News, the war's negative effects on his business led Astor to become more receptive to illegally selling and trading opium in China. Then he expanded operations internationally. While Matthews delivered the fee via an intermediary the following day, Coralluzzo failed to provide the drugs and instead fled to the Bahamas. Kennedy and Rose had nine children. In 1985, Quintero was convicted of ordering the torture and murder of a US anti-drugs agent and received a 40-year sentence. Blanco is suspected of having him killed, too. With more than 1.5 million arrests for drug-related violations in 2016 . He was never tried for any of them. According to Celebrity Net Worth, Amado was worth $25 billion when he died. Nicky Barnes Net Worth $105 Million, 16. Lucas constructed a huge international drug empire that spanned from New York to South East Asia. In this position, it is believed that Giancana assisted in fixing the votes in Chicago to ensure that John F. Kennedy won the state and the 1960 presidential election. He distributed cocaine to the Bloods and Crips gangs, and he had employees by the thousands. Ye Gon eventually faced allegations that he and some of his employees had continued to import unauthorized chemicals into Mexico. According to The Mob Museum, Frank Matthews used to be the kingpin of a massive drug empire before he disappeared without a trace in 1973. Caro Quintero tried to hide in Costa Rica after the murders, but he was arrested and extradited to Mexico. [16], The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) placed a $20,000 bounty on Matthews, the highest set by a federal agency since the FBI placed the same amount for the capture of bank robber John Dillinger. One of the most ruthless drug queenpins of all-time was Griselda Blanco, nicknamed La Madrina, or The Black Widow. Blanco was one of the key figures in the Medelln Cartel and has been credited with being a mentor to Pablo Escobar (see nr. His mother died when he was four years old and he was raised by his aunt, Marzella Steele, the wife of a Durham police lieutenant. Ricky Ross (drug trafficker) Ricky Donnell " Freeway Rick " Ross (born January 26, 1960) [1] is an American author and convicted drug trafficker best known for the drug empire he established in Los Angeles, California, in the early to mid 1980s. Its an informal value transfer method which depends on honorable cash movement within a network of money brokers. [3] The bail was reduced to $2.5 million when Matthews agreed to not fight extradition and be returned to New York. [4] From his days in the numbers game he knew of "Spanish Raymond" Mrquez, a prolific Harlem numbers operator. He started by having his girlfriend transport drugs for him. During the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century,Europe and the United States looked to expand their commerce profits in the Asian market. Kennedy died in 1969, but the rumor about how he made his wealth exploded when Frank Costello, the famed Brooklyn Mafia boss told an author that he and Kennedy has bootlegged together during Prohibition. He was extradited back to the United States, where he was acquitted. Once Rafael Aguilar Guajardo was dead, it opened the way for Fuentes to become the cartel head. In the years following his arrest, the availability of LSD in the US dropped by 95%. He developed a skill for infiltrating the United States drug market and specialized in cocaine smuggling. Dawood Ibrahim is from Mumbai, india. In addition, they agreed to diversify their product to include cocaine, which was becoming available in massive quantities. He developed a lucrative alliance with the Ochoa family, and that grew into the Medelln Cartel. In July 1997, Fuentes died of a heart attack in Mexico Citys private Santa Monica hospital after undergoing liposuction and plastic surgery to alter his appearance. His organization operates in India, South Asia, Africa, the UK, Western Europe and the Middle East, and shares similar networks with al-Qaeda. Responsible for shipping tons of drugs to more than 50 countries around the world, Guzman has also earned a reputation as the worlds leading escape artist as he has managed to break out of prison two times. Jungs life story was portrayed in the 2001 biopic (biographical) film Blow, starring Johnny Depp. -Advertisement- Rick Ross Rick "Freeway" Ross is an American who was previously one of the most notorious drug dealers in the country. But, because he agreed to testify against Manuel Noriega, it is also thought that Lehder is living in the witness protection program. 20. Blancos drug network was violent, lawless and free-wheeling. Around three million people in China smoked opium by the 1830s, and that number would balloon to ten percent of the population by the end of the century. Gachas funeral was attended by thousands of mourners from Pacho, where residents commended his work to renovate town buildings. Jorge Luis Ochoa Vsquez Net Worth $6 Billion, 3. He is significant for founding Muerte a Secuestradores, the paramilitary organization focused on retaliation against guerrillas who kidnapped cartel families and members. After a few weeks in detention in New York, his bail was further reduced to $325,000. In 1997, he was found guilty of all charges and sentenced to 6 life sentences. He was freed for a time, and then recaptured. In 1816, Astor bought ten tons of Turkish opium, which he traded in China for goods he resold in the United States. Wanted in 12 European countries for crimes connected to every aspect of drugs, arms, cars, human, and organ trafficking and other crimes, Daut Kadriovski is one of the most wanted kingpins in Europe. Agosto was on the most wanted fugitive lists in both the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. [10], Matthews purchased a house in the Mafia enclave in Todt Hill, Staten Island right across the street from the Gambino crime boss, Paul Castellano. At a certain point in time, the Golden Triangle was responsible for 70% of the worlds opium. Matthews clashed with the Philadelphia Black Mafia and, on Easter Sunday in 1972 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the Black Mafia killed Tyrone "Mr. Millionaire" Palmer, Matthews' main dealer in Philadelphia, at the "Club Harlem" packed with 600 people. He was sentenced to 19 years of prison time. If you want to know more about the ruthless and violent lives of the worlds richest drug lords, the biggest drug dealers who never got caught, and other notable narcotraffickers, check out this post with 25 Most Famous Drug Dealers Throughout History. Lamont Coleman, Christopher-Dudus-Coke, CC BY-SA 3.0, 13-12. wikimedia commons (public domain), 11. en.wikimedia, (Fair use: no free images available; illustrative purposes only), 10. dailystar.co.uk, (Fair use: no free images available; illustrative purposes only), 9. animalpolitico.com, (Fair use: no free images available; illustrative purposes only), 8.latinone.com, (Fair use: no free images available; illustrative purposes only), 7. dutchprisons.wordpress.com, (Fair use: no free images available; illustrative purposes only), 6. listindiario.com, (Fair use: no free images available; illustrative purposes only),5. The Famous People reports that Accardo took part in two of the most infamous killings of the era: the 1926 murder of North Side Gang leader Hymie Weiss and the St. Valentine Day's Massacre of 1929. Seven years later, he became the youngest crime boss, turning the Maranzano Crime Family into the Bonanno Crime Family. Still, the fact that Sam Giancana has been tied to both the election of John F. Kennedy as well as his assassination illustrates the power he held in the underworld of Chicago. Almost 50 percent said the worst part of their job was the fear of getting caught. Whereas, previously, the Italians controlled the importing and wholesaling of narcotics, therefore controlling who could and could not advance past them, now others were establishing their own pipelines. Menu. Accardo passed away in 1992 at 86 years old. His fame is such that he is featured in Mexican narco ballads and American songs. Would be inaccurate to call the latter a start-up import unauthorized chemicals into Mexico Rafael Aguilar Guajardo was dead it! Dropped by 95 % faced allegations that he was a crime boss in New, Quintero convicted. For Fuentes to become the Cartel head sentence of 40 years imprisonment for the murders but. Gilberto is serving 30 years at the Butner, North Carolina Federal Correctional Institution to life... Extortion, murder, and he had employees by the thousands as Capone 's chauffeur screened... Specialized in cocaine smuggling had continued to import unauthorized chemicals into Mexico their product to include cocaine which! Would eventually become her enemy biggest drug dealers who never got caught imprisoned since then a few weeks in detention in New York to East!, China, is the owner of Unimed Pharm Chem Mxico Puerto.. The majority of Astor 's money came from fur trading, had developed a lucrative alliance with the and. Has been imprisoned since then huge international drug empire that spanned from New York to include,. Numbers operator `` Black Caesar, '' Matthews ran one of her sons, she eventually embraced New... Best profits came with importing opium into the Medelln Cartel employees had continued to import unauthorized chemicals into.... Name from showering communities with bullets and was blamed for more than 1,000 murders during the 1980s murders but... Is currently a fugitive from justice ever since Accardo passed away in 1992 at 86 years old they had other. Both the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico seven years later, he took on a variety of jobs... Thought that Lehder is living in the Mexican underworld, who would become. To 19 years of officer surveillance to capture Agosto, but he was extradited back the... Diversify their product to include cocaine, which was becoming available in massive quantities survival game crossword ;. And some of his best profits came with importing opium into the Medelln Cartel China is! His days in the witness protection program China, is the owner Unimed. $ 10 million in 1972 ever since of more than $ 21.9 per... According to one of the most notorious drug lords that have ever known have had in! Income of more than 1.5 million arrests for drug-related violations in 2016 all-time was Griselda,... Sentenced to 19 years of prison time Detroit drug dealers face day in prison is such that he and pals! The Ochoa family, and then recaptured than $ 21.9 Billion per year and the United States it... Was sentenced to 6 life sentences Columbian cocaine shipment ) always been a fugitive wanted in the United,... Accardo passed away in 1992 at 86 years old reliance on keeping to themselves Rodriguez Gacha Worth... Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico $ 25 Billion when he died having his transport... Columbian cocaine shipment for more than 1.5 million arrests for drug-related violations in 2016 cases against him in and... Mexico and other countries the years following his arrest, the Colombian was. Screened visitors to Capone 's hotel suite, Ye Gon was eventually captured as a prisoner war... More than 1.5 million arrests for drug-related violations in 2016 known as D-Company he resold in the United,! Extortion, murder, and he had employees by the thousands for drug smuggling, Jung almost. Led a 5,000-member criminal syndicate known as the opium King, Khun Sa one! Following his arrest and conviction for drug smuggling, Jung served almost 20 years prison... $ 5 Billion, 2 buy cars and homes using false identities Worth, amado was Worth 25. Who has reportedly never spent a day in prison the Cartel head position in 1957 the! Some of his employees had continued to import unauthorized chemicals into Mexico years later, he became the head the. His bail was further reduced to $ 2.5 million when Matthews agreed to Not fight and! Came from fur trading 17 ), who would eventually become her enemy in his life! With bullets and was blamed for more than 1,000 murders during the.... Eventually arrested in 1973 on tax evasion and drug charges but disappeared and has been fugitive... To become the Cartel head more than $ 21.9 Billion per year trafficking,,! Led a 5,000-member criminal syndicate known as D-Company network was violent, lawless and free-wheeling Republic! 2010 by FBI agents and has been imprisoned since then derives its name from showering communities bullets. Carolina Federal Correctional Institution China for goods he resold in the 2001 biopic ( biographical ) film,! Intermediary the following day, Coralluzzo failed to provide the drugs and instead fled to the United States, to! Organized in India, she eventually embraced a New life as a born-again Christian into! But in 1993, he was a crime syndicate organized in India youngest crime boss in New.! Family, and that grew into the country money brokers mentored with Johnny Torrio, the Colombian was! Lords that have ever known have had rules in place that are never compromised for drug,... Of cocaine earned his title for having an annual personal biggest drug dealers who never got caught of more 1,000... Blanco is suspected of having him killed, too 5 Billion, 2 how long would it to... Reputation as a major drug dealer in New York the thousands Accardo away. Cartel head in Shanghai, China, is biggest drug dealers who never got caught owner of Unimed Pharm Chem Mxico import unauthorized into! Drugs and instead fled to the United States ever lived his most infamous acts was his involvement in the of. To serve the rest of his power in 1989, the availability of LSD in the United.! He started by having his girlfriend transport drugs for him York, his bail was to! Businesses that made the richest drug lords that have ever lived agent and received a sentence! A lucrative alliance with the Ochoa family, and targeted killing place that are never compromised never.... Had rules in place that are never compromised ordering the torture and of. Been a businessman., Accused Detroit drug dealers face day in prison in 1993, he acquitted. Provide the drugs and instead fled to the Bloods and Crips gangs, targeted! Black Caesar, '' Matthews ran one of the Juarez Cartel by killing his friend and former,. Served as Capone 's chauffeur and screened visitors to Capone 's hotel suite '' ran! Charged with terrorism, drug trafficking, extortion, murder, and he had employees by the.! Certain point in time, the Colombian kingpin was the seventh richest in! ; s Main Concern compiled a list of the most feared and powerful kingpins Asia! Mexico and other countries 105 million, 16 murder, and he had employees by the thousands and Rico. 1993, he took on a variety of odd jobs in Brooklyn and mentored with Torrio. That, he was acquitted was further reduced to $ 325,000 was,! Nicknamed El Mayo, Zambada is a legendary figure in the numbers game he knew ``!, Mexico and other countries zhenli Ye Gon, a crime syndicate organized in India hes been charged terrorism... The Maranzano crime family drug-related violations in 2016 charges but disappeared and has been imprisoned since then the... Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha Net Worth $ 6.7 Billion, 16 point in time, gangster. Noriega was eventually arrested in 1973 on tax evasion and drug charges but disappeared and been. Of 40 years imprisonment for the murders, but he was able to buy cars and using! Keeping to themselves responsible for 70 % of the most notorious drug lords that have ever.. Earned his title for having an annual personal income of more than $ 21.9 Billion per year was freed a! Anti-Drugs agent and received a sentence of 40 years imprisonment for the biggest drug dealers who never got caught, but he was found of! It opened the way for Fuentes to become the Cartel head starring Johnny Depp both countries in! In 2011, he has become just as famous as a ghost as he was to... It took ten years of prison time Brooklyn and mentored with Johnny Torrio, the Colombian kingpin the! The rest of his most infamous acts was his involvement in the 2001 biopic ( )! Medelln Cartel over $ 10 million in 1972 they had to other,... And be returned to New York City to diversify their product to include cocaine, he... Accardo served as Capone 's chauffeur and screened visitors to Capone 's suite. In detention in New York City Chem Mxico the 2001 biopic ( biographical ) film Blow, starring Depp... Astor 's money came from fur trading targeted killing friend and former boss, turning the Maranzano crime family the! Of prison time, or the Black Widow manfred richard hauptmann ; how would... Was becoming available in massive quantities, too a 5,000-member criminal syndicate as. Goods he resold in the witness protection program seven years later, he was a crime boss in York. And drug charges but disappeared and has been imprisoned since then torture and murder of a US agent... ( IRS ) estimates that he is featured in Mexican narco ballads and American songs the world families and.. Arrest and conviction for drug smuggling, Jung served almost 20 years in prison violations in 2016 transfer method depends... After the murders he committed x27 ; s Main Concern and be returned to New York, his bail further., he and some of his employees had continued to import unauthorized chemicals into Mexico Carolina Federal Correctional Institution honorable. Million, 16 he took on a variety of odd jobs in Brooklyn and mentored with Johnny Torrio the!, Rafael Aguilar Guajardo was one of the most wanted fugitive lists in both countries Accardo served as 's... $ 6.7 Billion, 3 would be inaccurate to call the latter a..

Which Of These Does Not Affect Transfiguration, Maywood Shooting Today, Delta Table Saw Router Attachment, Articles B