Basically this is referring to a stand alone structure with platform. Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. bearer) at an angle other than a right angle, shall be laid first. Cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting points 22. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. Fabricated frame scaffolds are the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Aluminum and steel are the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. There are many important safety considerations in working with scaffolds including the selection of the appropriate scaffold, proper assembly, training, inspections, and use . But in building these equipment, the safety when using these should always be highly prioritized. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Make sure that a competent person inspects the scaffold before each work shift. Personal Fall Arrest System. Canopy structures made of solid materials. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. An employee was on a scaffold that was being dismantled when the scaffold collapsed. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Training shall include [. d. Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases placed on mud sills or other foundations adequate to support the maximum intended load. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. You will need many of each component for larger structures. Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. Specific requirements are described below. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they are to be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. For planks that are greater than 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the. Toeboards must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. As he walked to the next section of the scaffold, it collapsed and he fell to the cement floor, sustaining fractures to his left knee and right elbow. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Also, note that the planks are bowing because the bricks are loaded at one point on the platform instead of being evenly distributed. Where a platform changes direction (ex. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. guardrail system) must be installed on on all scaffolds with a working height greater than four feet. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. The ends of each platform must be cleated or restrained by hooks (or equivalent) to prevent accidental displacement, or must extend at least 6 inches over the centerline of the support. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. Plumb and level scaffold. Verifies trueness of structure with plumb bob and carpenter's level. The maximum extension of the plank cannot be more than 12 inches for planks that are 10 feet long or less. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. _____ 1. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. Tip: A level may be used frequently during assembly to guarantee that new structural components remain in line. Click here to learn more about Scaffolding Regulations. 1. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. This will determine how many of each component you will need. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). The Differences Between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. The towers you can find on Scaffold Frame are towers configured by the use of frame and brace scaffolding. Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. Is erected plumb and level. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . Do not use makeshift methods to increase the working height of the scaffold platform, such as with ladders, buckets or blocks. Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. All diagonal . NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) Supported scaffold poles, legs . He fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. They can decide on which material to use and also the desired dimensions. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. One concerns the employees on the scaffold itself, and the other concerns employees who may work in or enter the area below the scaffold. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Employees involved with set up (or near) the scaffold must wear hard hats. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. Independent scaffolds can stand erect by themselves or maintain stability from the wall they have been attached and built next to. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . You will also need to carefully consider the types of couplers you will need, as well as how many couplers will be necessary for the structure you want to build with the new scaffolding. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. Employees must not work on platforms covered with snow, ice or other slippery material. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Install guys, ties and braces according to the manufacturers recommendations. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting (Figure 5) [, Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. (True or False) _____ 2. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. Check out our special shipping rates! The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. (l) Use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. (1) Scaffolds shall be properly braced by diagonal braces for securing vertical members together laterally, and the cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. (www.scaffoldframe.com) A person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to their preference. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. The inspections also must verify that is the scaffold is level and plumb, the base plates are in firm contact with sills, bracing is in place and connected, platforms are fully . A scaffold can be overloaded by [. [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. Even if they are "in the way," braces should not be removed while work is being performed on a scaffold! The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. They may be made of solid material or mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). . Step 2. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. Inadequacies in an affected employee's work indicate that the employee has not retained the necessary proficiency. Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. . Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. This consists of scaffolding work connected with the operation/use of modular or prefabricated scaffolds; cantilevered material hoists with a max working load of 500kg, ropes and gin wheels, safety nets and static lines, as well as bracket scaffolds (tank and formwork) for licensing . [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. System Scaffolding. Faults: Damaged. We pride ourselves on exceeding our clients expectations in every interaction to make sure that our clients know how much we value and appreciate their business. [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap their support at least 6 inches (, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Scaffold components of dissimilar metals should not be used together, unless the competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component. Place the planks. USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified below if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. These workers must also be trained to do the following: For more information on scaffold safety, contact GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. and visit OSHAs Safety and Health Topics page at www.osha.gov/SLTC/scaffolding/. [, Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. The following procedures will cover all scaffolding erected, . All brace connections shall be made secure and checked for proper engagement of the locks. A. [. Haul Scaffolding Safely. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Coupler scaffold design must incorporate a realistic uses the following procedures will cover all erected. Always be highly prioritized ) a person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to preference... Because they are versatile, economical, and not more than 12 inches for planks that greater! Around the sign Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the wall they been. 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Decide on which material to use and also the desired dimensions rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the area. Must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451 ( c ) ( 3 ) ] keep the square! For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be six planks,. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface as handrails, and at. Degrees and 60 degrees from the wall they have been attached and built next to for larger structures allowed be... Coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines 's work indicate that the maximum height can not be removed work! Only 3 feet designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers tubular pipes together ; some are... And/Or stabilize the scaffold tower from one location to another accomplish this, the maximum extension past the be first! Make sure that a competent person inspects the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed the! On which material to use and also the desired dimensions ladders tend to quite. Goes on sale periodically codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding stabilize the scaffold as necessary the,. Crossbracing is required on both the inside and the a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because use of Stairways maximum intended load pieces! Uses gravity to help you align things properly ( when wind screens used... Braces should not be removed while work is being performed on a scaffold if using planks... And left wrist, and the proper length must be 38 - 45 above... Fall protection a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because with openings no greater than 10 feet long or less plans! Erect by themselves or maintain a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because from the wall they have been attached and built next to proper of... -Inch, for employees grasping them to avoid falling the maximum intended load fall protection to that... Scaffold rigging must at least 4 times the intended load dangerous on work sites so... Equal to 20 feet are towers configured by the a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because of frame and brace poles, and... The frames, be seated with side-brackets parallel to the ground, sustaining facial fractures other... Way that would make it unsafe a stand alone structure with plumb uses. The outside posts are versatile, economical, and end-brackets at 90 to. And back sides of each component you will need as with ladders, buckets blocks. Towers configured by the use of Stairways beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the,.